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Kidney failure, which is synonymous with kidney disease or renal impairment, can occur in an acute manner, when the kidney fails quickly after previously being healthy, or in a progressive, silent and stealthy manner

Dental cleaning for dogs is vital for maintaining a good state of oral health.

Chronic kidney failure is a common problem in elderly cats. Semintra, a medicinal product containing telmisartan as active substance, is used to treat arterial hypertension and reduce proteinuria in cats, thereby slowing the progression of this disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs is increasingly indicated for diagnostic purposes.

Diarrhoea in dogs is a very common sign seen in most gastrointestinal diseases. The clinical picture and treatment of diarrhoea in dogs will depend on the aetiology of each case and the use of antibiotics must follow some specific indications. Let’s have a look at each case.

The main symptoms of gastritis in dogs are vomiting and abdominal pain. Acute gastritis is nearly always associated with the intake of harmful substances. If not treated correctly, the acute form can evolve into chronic gastritis, which causes long-term damage in the form of atrophy of the mucosa. Other causes of chronic gastritis in dogs are infections (bacterial, viral, etc.) cancer, kidney disorders, liver disease and food allergies.

If constipation in dogs is not well controlled and treated correctly, it may develop into a case of megacolon.1

Dogs develop leishmaniasis when they are infected by a protozoon from the Leishmania genus which is transmitted by the bite of its vector, mosquitos. It is prevalent in the Mediterranean region, where the predominant species is Leishmania infantum.

Leishmaniasis is one of the most prevalent vector diseases seen at veterinary clinics, so it is important to be aware of the various treatments available and their side effects.

​The ingestion of grapes or raisins can cause kidney failure in dogs due to their toxicity. Clinical signs such as diarrhoea, vomiting, lethargy and renal alterations appear after their ingestion. The prognosis varies from case to case, but is often unfavourable, especially when accompanied by signs such as oliguria or anuria.

Shar Pei fever is a condition that affects Shar Pei dogs and mixes and which typically courses with short periods of recurrent fever.1

During their lifetimes, dogs can suffer from various kidney diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common problem affecting the excretory system. To help dogs with such problems, Advance has developed ADVANCE VETERINARY DIETS RENAL, a dry dog food designed specially to treat CKD.

 The presence of tachypnoea in dogs is not necessarily a sign of respiratory disease.

Yellow vomit in cats is not necessarily associated with liver disease.

What we often call sebaceous cysts in dogs are really just a type of skin cyst that do not actually have a sebaceous origin.

Kidney failure in dogs is a relatively common problem among elderly patients. Early detection of its main symptoms means an appropriate treatment can be designed to stop or slow the progression of the disease.

Kidney failure is the most common kidney disease in dogs and cats. It is characterised by a progressive and irreversible loss of basic renal functions.

The clinical significance of kidney stones in dogs has increased exponentially over the past 10–15 years.

Urolithiasis, which is the formation of sediments composed of poorly soluble crystalloids, is a common problem in dogs. The four most common minerals found in dog uroliths are magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), calcium oxalate, ammonium urate and cystine.

The spectrum of diseases caused by Leishmania produce inflammatory and immune-mediated lesions in several organs, notably interstitial nephritis, dermatitis, chronic hepatitis and keratoconjunctivitis, among others. There is no cure for leishmaniasis, but it can be controlled. The prognosis is worse in animals with kidney failure.

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs is due to an excess of glucocorticoids. This clinical condition affects the patient’s and owner’s quality of life.

​Diabetes in cats is a disorder that affects insulin regulation which can lead to hyperglycaemia. It is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from the beta-cells of islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas. It can develop due to amyloidosis, which is the accumulation of amylin in the pancreas, or insulin resistance.

Diabetes can be classified as insulin-dependent (IDDM) or non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus. IDDM is characterised by hypoinsulinaemia, a lack of insulin secretion after administering glucose, the need for treatment with insulin and the tendency to develop ketoacidosis. Diabetes has a multifactorial aetiology that is influenced by genetics, breed, immune-mediated factors, acute pancreatitis (rare) and amyloid deposition in islet cells (which is relatively common in cats).

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), also known as Cushing’s syndrome, is one of the most common endocrine disorders in older dogs, but it can be very hard to diagnose.

​Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in cats is the result of increased alveolar capillary pressure within the context of heart failure. Heart failure is a condition with a broad spectrum of clinical signs as the mechanism causing the heart failure may lie in various different structures and areas of the heart.

Vitiligo is characterised by the complete absence of melanocytes, with a normal dermis and epidermis. It has an unknown aetiology and courses asymptomatically. Some of the proposed aetiologies include an autoimmune, toxic or nervous origin triggered by a virus (for more information on dermatology see this Affinity Advance Clinical Report).

Vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs are two of the leading reasons for veterinary consultations. A gastrointestinal motility disorder should always be suspected in chronic cases.

Gastroenteritis in dogs is a risk factor for the onset of irritable bowel syndrome. In this post we look at the clinical signs and aetiopathogenesis, with guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease in dogs characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia resulting from a deficit in insulin secretion, a decline in its action or both.

Diabetes is a disease that can have a significant effect on a dog’s quality of life. Dietary control is a particularly important factor in the management of diabetes. That is why Advance has developed Advance Veterinary Diets Diabetes, which helps control diabetes in dogs.

Routines change during the holidays, with different meals, heat and long outdoor walks, during which dogs tend to eat more grass and plants than usual. A common outcome is the appearance of abdominal pain, flatulence, vomiting and increased frequency of defecation.

The presence of blood in a dog’s urine may be a sign of urolithiasis, one of the most common lower urinary tract disorders in dogs.

Leishmaniasis in dogs is a disease produced by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, in particular Leishmania infantum. It is transmitted through mosquito bites in the Mediterranean area.

The main difference between vaginal prolapse and vaginal hyperplasia lies in the amount of externalised vaginal tissue. In vaginal hyperplasia, only some of the tissue is swollen and is confined to the ventral part of the vagina. The swelling is much more extensive in vaginal prolapse and the mucosa protrudes outwards.

The term urinary tract infection refers to colonisation of areas of the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder and proximal urethra) by an infectious agent under normal sterile conditions. Most cases of urinary tract infection occur in isolation, but some dogs can develop recurrent signs.

​Struvite stones are often entirely composed of ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate. They most typically appear in the bladder and urethra, while about only 5% are found in the upper urinary tract.

Vomiting blood (or haematemesis) is a relatively common clinical sign seen in dogs, with numerous causes of varying severity. This places even greater importance on making the correct differential diagnosis, ruling out the most likely diseases one at a time until the definitive cause has been determined.